Archive for the ‘Guest Post’ Category
How powerful is the placebo effect?
Perhaps we should not find good in the Europeans. After all, they have death camp hospitals where doctors decide who lives and dies. At least, this is how the more excitable GOP politicians seem to think other democratic countries work. Quite why any government could survive ten minutes if its doctors were systematically killing people off is not explained. It is simply assumed all socialist systems are dangerous to the health of those who live there. That these myths survive is proof, if you needed it, that ideas can have a powerful and long-lasting effect on people. Put another way, if you believe in something strongly enough and make it a part of your life, your belief often comes true.
In medicine, an early problem facing researchers when designing clinical trials was the so-called placebo effect. It has long been recognized that people who believe strongly enough in the cure will often be cured. So we need to start off with a definition. A placebo is a chemically inert substance or liquid that can have no effect on the human body. In a clinical trial, people are randomly assigned to one of two groups. One gets the real drug. The other gets the placebo. But there is no way anyone can know which is which. So a doctor in a white coat gives you encouragement, a smile and the “medicine”. The volunteers then describe how they feel.
Consistently, about one-third of participants report feeling better after taking the placebo. No matter what the researchers have done to eliminate the placebo effect, all they have succeeded in doing is produce a mountain of evidence that people who expect a treatment to work feel better. So, if you run a practice, a clinic or hospital, you can make a third of your patients feel better if you manage their expectations well. Physicians dress and act the part, listening carefully, carefully examining, ordering tests where appropriate, and then prescribing something that will “do the trick”. Even if this something is chemically inert, it will be an effective treatment in at least one-third of cases.
In this, it makes no different what the source of the pain. It can be a severe headache or a broken bone. The strength of the patient’s belief is the key to relieving the pain. There always has been a role for ritual and suggestion. The shamans have exploited this over the centuries. Modern medicine continues the same traditions, albeit in a different form. This is not to say the result of clinical trials are to be doubted when they show a drug effective. Many drugs like Ultram are effective no matter what the patients believe, i.e. though you may not tell a patient exactly what drug you are giving and what the expected outcome is, people routinely experience less pain. But the converse is equally true.
Many people who have pain can control it without having to use a drug like Ultram. All it requires is a belief strong enough to make the pain bearable. It is this placebo power that is exploited in the European approach to pain management and a good reason to feel grateful we live in America (or not, depending on what you believe).
Why pain is a good thing
There’s a rumor going round the town that pain is a bad thing and should be eliminated at all costs. Big Boss Pharma has been lining up all its big guns and, no matter what level of pain you may be experiencing, there’s a pill with your name on it, assuming you get a prescription, of course. You may therefore look at the headline here and be a little surprised. How on Earth can anyone think pain is a good thing? Well, let’s go back to basics. Darwin, that inconvenient man who thinks we all evolved rather than were created, argued only the best-adapted species survived. When it comes to survival, the animal needs to know when it’s under attack. If it’s injured, it decides whether to fight or flee. So pain is a vital signal to the brain. It warns when the body is injured. We benefitted from that when we were less well-developed. Today, it’s still useful to know if we have accidentally injured ourselves or just picked up something too hot to hold.
The modern response is to seek medical assistance and then we complain when the pain message continues. So let’s move medical science a few years into the future. Rather in the same way we can switch off the burglar alarm when we know someone has broken into our home, a researcher develops a magic pill to switch off pain. It changes the brain’s chemistry so we are no longer aware of any pain. Would you take it? Before you rush to an answer, the scientist confirms this is an all or nothing pill. Either you feel pain or you do not. We will have to go into real science fiction to arrive at a treatment that only switches off the pain messages from the injured part of the body. In theory, it should be possible to neutralize the pain by interrupting the nervous system at key junctions, e.g. where an arm or leg joins the body. Unfortunately, this also risks paralyzing the arm or leg.
Anyway, back to the question. Would you take a pill to switch off pain? It would mean you would not know if you were damaging any other part of your body. Suppose you drink something that’s burning your tongue, or slip and make your existing injury worse. You would not know to stop drinking or seek further medical treatment. Completely turning off pain is dangerous unless you lie perfectly still and take no physical risks. Even then, you would not know if you were getting the first pain symptoms of a heart attack or warning indications of any other disease. The present situation is safer because a drug like Ultram simply reduces the intensity of the current pain. You can still feel if any other part of your body is injured or you are affected by some other disease or disorder.
In Europe, the trend is to teach people pain management techniques so they can achieve a good quality of life without having to rely on painkillers. This does not deny a role for drugs like Ultram. They will still be used for short-term relief should pain flare up. The hope is people can cope without risking dependence on drugs.
About the bad habits that can lead to ED
The problem of bad habits is getting more and more talked about in recent years as doctors find new evidence for the link between an unhealthy lifestyle and developing serious health conditions. Probably there is a smaller number of actual health problems that are not a result of particular bad habits or of being negligent about one’s health. So it’s not a big surprise to learn that erectile dysfunction can actually be caused by one’s addiction to not so very healthy substances or activities. Here are the details of how some of the most common “bad lifestyle” choices leading to erectile dysfunction on themselves or in combination with other underlying cuases
Drinking too much
Alcohol abuse is a common bad habit, unfortunately, and it is a cause for many serious health conditions. While a little alcohol from time to time isn’t bad usually as it can bring a incentive effect, including better sexual arousal, drinking too much on a regular basis can do harm your cardiovascular and nervous systems. And these body systems are very important for maintaining proper sexual abilities too since blood circulation and nerve signal transmission are essential for forming a stable erection. So if you’re heavy on drinking don’t get surprised if some day you won’t be able to get an erection without ED pills.
Once more about smoking
As for nicotine addiction, this bad habit represents not a less serious health risk and everyone should heard a lot about the bad effects of smoking to one’s health such as cardiovascular problems and lung cancer. After all smoking is known as one of the leading factors leading to premature death all over the world. Concerning erectile dysfunction issues smoking is known to seriously deteriorate blood vessels and lead to such conditions as hypertension that is one of the main causes for male impotence. So think more carefully about quitting the bad habit. And if you still find youу erections unsatisfied you can try levitra.
Drug addiction
The use of recreational drugs has become very common especially at younger men, who seek for the stimulant or relaxant effect for spicing up sexual experience. And while the actual sensations during intimacy may be altered and intensified with those drugs – there are very negative aftermath effects of such experiments, especially as young men becoming addicted to some substance. Even when taking the seemingly harmless marijuana evidence prove regular use of this herb lowers libido and impare blood vessels, cuasing erectile dysfunction.
Bad eating habits
Since the food that we eat can be very addictive in its nature and deliver as much negative impact bad diet can also be considered as a bad habit and lifechoice. Eating much food that includes saturated fats and spice can lead to many complications, especially when you neglect foods that are rich with vitamins and minerals necessary for good health. Add the lack of regular physical activity and you can rapidly develop such health conditions as high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, which are very common factors for erectile dysfunction development. .
That’s why being smart about your lifestyle and diet is very important if you do not want to depend on drugs like levitra for each sexual intercourse.
Athletes Get Legal Help from Corticosteroids
Athletes sometimes get confused by the word steroid. Not all steroids are performance enhancers, but this does not mean they have no effect on the body or performance. In fact, many athletes do use steroids that are not anabolic – that don’t help you get bigger, stronger, or faster.
Steroids are organic chemical compounds, natural or synthetic, that are fat soluble. They have specific jobs to do in the human body. They have a 17-carbon 4-ring system.
So what does any of that mean? It means that there are a lot of types of steroids. Corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, glycosides – even sex hormones like testosterone are steroids.
Anabolic versus Corticosteroid
The steroids talked about on the news and in doping scandals are anabolic steroids – manmade hormones that are meant to function similarly to testosterone, promoting the growth of muscles and increasing athletic performance. It is important to note that anabolic steroids themselves are not bad, like any medicine, it is just how you use them that matters. They are very important for treating various conditions. Anabolic steroid abuse may pose serious threats to your health:
- Liver function
- Damaged or modified reproductive system
- Heart and circulation damage
- “Roid rage”, a serious psychological effect
- And more
Corticosteroids, on the other hand, have nothing to do with muscle growth. They are used widely throughout the body, mostly for regulating immune responses. Corticosteroid like Prednisone control allergic reaction and help treat autoimmune disorders, such as Asthma, Crohn’s Disease, and Lupus. They may also be needed to reduce inflammation and control protein catabolism blood electrolyte levels.
Athletes Use Corticosteroid, But Not for Performance Enhancement
Sports and athletics can really do a number on your muscles, joints, and other parts of your musculoskeletal system. At times, there is severe inflammation and some basic functions stop working correctly. Prednisone is perfect for athletes at these times, and doctors often recommend it. It will bring down the inflammation quicker than anything and allow you to regain comfort and movement.
Athletes also lose performance when they are suffering from allergies. Pollen especially can be detrimental to outdoor sports, so athletes sometimes are administered a corticosteroid when allowed by athletics drugs regulations.
Are corticosteroids barred from sports?
Unlike anabolic steroids, some sporting governments allow corticosteroids since they are an important medical option to have on the table for serious and common diseases. However, some governments do not. Here is a quick list:
- NCAA – allowed
- Olympics – banned
- High School – Check with your state, but usually allowed
- NFL – allowed
The Olympics tends to be tougher than most organizations in the world. If you are a professional bicyclist, you may also encounter more restrictive doping and drug laws. Some athletes may be excused because of medical conditions, so be sure to have a statement from your doctor and proof you need the medication if you wish to appeal the laws.
Prednisone is a restricted medication in the United States and requires a prescription.
Do corticosteroids have risks for athletes?
All medications have risks. Athletes should be aware that corticosteroid use at high doses over an extended period of time can lead to complications:
- Cataracts
- Decreased wound healing
- Increased risk of infection
- Masking infection
- Osteoporosis
Why does advertising work?
Here’s a number to start us off. Marketers spend about $70 billion a year on TV ads! That’s a lot of cash! But companies out to make a profit would not spend that much on ads unless there was good evidence they work. Except, what is it, exactly, that ads do? The myth is marketers want you to buy a product the first chance you have. It’s like the old movie joke about cinemas so desperate to boost sales of ice cream, they would turn up the heating during the first feature and trigger a rush for something cool by showing an ad at the start of the intermission. The majority of ads are designed to sit in your memory. It’s like the Geico ads with the caveman or, more specifically the pig who cries wee all the way home.
There’s good evidence that hard selling techniques create a negative impression. We all take some pride in our ability to resist. So the aim is to build up brand awareness. Over time, we associate each brand with the product or service. The challenge is then to convert these memories of an amusing ad or catchy slogan into action. After all, why go to all the trouble of planting the seed if you don’t then go on to encourage people to buy later on? Except, marketers have no real control over our actions. Most of us use the ad break to make a quick cup of coffee or empty the bladder of all the coffee we’ve drunk over the evening. No one ever sits down to watch the ads. All we do is catch glimpses of the ads in passing. This constant repetition is like drip-feed, slowly building up brand awareness so that, if we’re making a decision on which product or service to buy at some time in the future, we might buy the one with the most memorable ad.
Creativity is what sells brand awareness. We remember the funny ads, or the strange ads, or the visually interesting ads, or the ads with the best music tracks. So now imagine you’re going to be paid a big chunk of cash to create a memorable ad for an erectile dysfunction drug. If you’re selling a car, you can show it accelerating from 0 to 60 in five seconds. Imagine the response of the television stations if you showed the pill producing an erection in record time. That would really test the First Amendment. So you need to sneak up on people and, hopefully, slip past their defenses before they know you’re there.
Have you seen that ad for Cialis? The one where the couple end up in separate tubs. This is one of the weird ones, isn’t it? Everyone would expect to see the happy couple gazing into each other’s eyes, perhaps hugging or, at least, holding hands. So what’s with the separate washing arrangements? Except the moment you ask the question, you’re hooked. It’s memorable because it makes you think. Like the woman driving the pig home. Her long-suffering expression says everything that needs to be said. Repeat the ad often enough and people associate the ad with the brand name. So remember Cialis really can give you 15% more on your erections.
ED Medications Development
British researchers were testing a drug intended for use in controlling pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and were somewhat surprised when the male participants reported improved sexual performance. Yet, when they came to analyze the results, the scientists realized the effect they were intending for the major artery through the chest was actually occurring in the penis. A redrawn clinical trial confirmed the results and, as the idiom says, the rest was history. As an aside, the work to develop an effective treatment for PAH continued and a different version of the viagra is now sold as Revatio and dilates the pulmonary artery, reducing blood pressure and avoiding the risk of angina. A further use has also been developed in the treatment of altitude sickness where it is not possible for the person affected to be brought down the mountain quickly enough.
viagra format variations
Because cultures can differ on the best way to deliver medication, Pfizer has been working on producing Viagra in a number of different formats. The basic chemistry stays the same, but trying to sell it as a pill is never going to be a success in overseas markets. So, for example, you can buy it as a capsule, a soluble pill and powder, a melt-in-the-mouth tablet, a liquid you can drink on its own or added to something to improve the taste, a patch to stick on your skin, a gel to rub on to the penis, and so on. The only difference is in the speed with which the chemicals get into the bloodstream. As a pill, it takes time to dissolve. A liquid becomes active more quickly.